Meltdown vs tantrum
A tantrum is usually aimed at getting something. A meltdown is an overwhelmed nervous system, and your child isn't choosing it. That's why rewards and punishments don't help during a meltdown.
Before: spot the signs
Covering ears, pacing, repeating words, or going very quiet can all be early warnings. Lowering noise and demands at that point can head off a meltdown.
During: keep it safe and simple
Speak less, and speak slowly and softly.
Turn down lights and noise and move others away.
Keep your child safe without restraining them unless there is danger.
Offer comfort items your child already likes, such as a favorite blanket or chew toy.
After: reconnect
Your child may feel tired or embarrassed. Offer quiet, water, and reassurance. Talk about triggers later, when everyone is calm.